Refine your search
Collections
Co-Authors
Journals
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z All
Guha, Arindam
- An Image Processing Approach for Converging ASTER-Derived Spectral Maps for Mapping Kolhan Limestone, Jharkhand, India
Abstract Views :265 |
PDF Views:100
Authors
Affiliations
1 National Remote Sensing Centre, Balanagar, Hyderabad 500 625, IN
2 Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530 003, IN
3 Jharkhand Space Application Centre, Ranchi 834 004, IN
1 National Remote Sensing Centre, Balanagar, Hyderabad 500 625, IN
2 Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530 003, IN
3 Jharkhand Space Application Centre, Ranchi 834 004, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 106, No 1 (2014), Pagination: 40-49Abstract
In the present study, we have attempted the delineation of limestone using different spectral mapping algorithms in ASTER data. Each spectral mapping algorithm derives limestone exposure map independently. Although these spectral maps are broadly similar to each other, they are also different at places in terms of spatial disposition of limestone pixels. Therefore, an attempt is made to integrate the results of these spectral maps to derive an integrated map using minimum noise fraction (MNF) method. The first MNF image is the result of two cascaded principal component methods suitable for preserving complementary information derived from each spectral map. While implementing MNF, noise or non-coherent pixels occurring within a homogeneous patch of limestone are removed first using shift difference method, before attempting principal component analysis on input spectral maps for deriving composite spectral map of limestone exposures. The limestone exposure map is further validated based on spectral data and ancillary geological data.Keywords
Limestone, Minimum Noise Fraction, Spectral Mapping, Image Processing.- Spectral Response of Few Important Textural Variants of Chromitite and its Potential in Estimating Relative Grades of Chromitite – A Case Study for Chromitite of Nuggihalli Schist Belt, India
Abstract Views :231 |
PDF Views:83
Authors
Affiliations
1 Geosciences Group, National Remote Sensing Centre, Indian Space Research Organization, Balanagar, Hyderabad 500 625, IN
2 Department of Geology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700 019, IN
1 Geosciences Group, National Remote Sensing Centre, Indian Space Research Organization, Balanagar, Hyderabad 500 625, IN
2 Department of Geology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700 019, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 114, No 08 (2018), Pagination: 1721-1731Abstract
We have collected, processed and analysed the reflectance spectra of representative chromitite samples of spot type, clot type and disseminated type textural variants to understand the diagnostic spectral features of each of these samples. We have found that the reflectance spectrum of each textural variant is distinct from the spectra of other variants despite having few common absorption features. Spectral features of chromitite samples are governed by the spectra of two dominant minerals, chromite and chlorite. Spectral features of chromitite at 550 nm and 1100 nm are governed by electronic transition process in Fe3+ and crystal field effect in Fe2+ ions present in chromite structure respectively. On the other hand, spectral features at 1400 nm, 1900 nm and 2300 nm are related to the vibration of O–H, H–OH and metal hydroxide bonds in chlorite. Amongst these features, the spectral feature at 1100 nm (due to Fe2+ in chromite grains) is common to all three major textural varieties of chromitite samples studied here. Electron probe micro analysis (EPMA) data of chromite and chlorite grains of each texture are used to relate the presence and abundance of Fe2+ (in chromite grains) with absorption feature. Width of the 1100 nm feature has a correlation value 0.95, while depth of the same feature has a correlation value 0.94 with the abundance of chromite mineral estimated using modal analysis of chromite samples. Therefore, spectrometric parameter of 1100 nm spectral feature of chromitite can be used as proxy for estimating modal abundance of chromite in chromitite samples after estimating deposit specific correlation coefficient.Keywords
Chromitite, Electronic Processes, Modal Analysis, Spectral Feature, Texture, Vibrational Processes.References
- Hunt, G. R. and Salisbury, J. W., Visible and near-infrared spectra of minerals and rocks: II. Carbonates. Mod. Geol., 1971, 2, 23–30.
- Clark, R. N. and Roush, T. L., Reflectance spectroscopy quantitative analysis techniques for remote sensing applications. J. Geo-phys. Res., 1984, 89(B7), 6329–6340.
- Clark, R. N., Spectroscopy of rocks and minerals, and principles of spectroscopy. USGS spectral laboratory; http://speclab.cr.usgs.gov/spectral-lib.html (accessed 7 December 2011).
- Clark, R. N., King, T. V. V., Klejwa, M. and Swaze, G. A., High spectral resolution reflectance spectroscopy of minerals. J. Geo-phys. Res., 1990, 95(B8), 12653–12680.
- Cloutis, E. A., Hyperspectral geological remote sensing: evaluation of analytical techniques. Int. J. Remote Sensing, 1996, 17(12), 2215–2242.
- Clark, R. N., Swayze, G. A., Heidebrecht, K., Green, R. O. and Goetz, A. F. H., Calibration to surface reflectance of terrestrial imaging spectrometry data: comparison of methods, summaries of the fifth annual JPL airborne geosciences workshop. Jet Propulsion Laboratory Special Publication, 1995, pp. 41–42.
- Guha, A., Chakraborty, D., Ekka, A. B., Pramanik, K. and Chatterjee, S., Spectroscopic study of rocks of Hutti-Maski Schist Belt, Karnataka. J. Geol. Soc. India, 2012, 79, 335–344.
- Guha, A., Rao, A., Ravi, S., Vinod Kumar, K. and Dhananjaya Rao, E. N., Analysis of the potentials of kimberlite rock spectra as spectral end member – a case study using kimberlite rock spectra from the Narayanpet kimberlite Field (NKF), Andhra Pradesh. Curr. Sci., 2012, 103(9), 1096–1104.
- Carli, C. and Sgavetti, M., Spectral characteristics of rocks: effects of composition and texture and implications for the interpretation of planet surface compositions. Icarus, 2011, 211(2), 1034–1048.
- Dennis, K. M., Spectral properties (0.4 to 25 microns) of selected rocks associated with disseminated gold and silver deposits in Nevada and Idaho. J. Geophys. Res.: Solid Earth, 1986, 91(B1), 2156–2202.
- Guha, A., Vinod Kumar, K., Ravi, S. and Dhanamjaya Rao, S., Reflectance spectroscopy of kimberlites – in parts of Dharwar Craton, India. Arabian J. Geosci., 2015, 8(11), 9373–9388.
- Khan, S. D. and Mahmood, K., The application of remote sensing techniques to the study of ophiolites. Earth Sci. Rev., 2008, 89, 135–143.
- Khan, S. D., Mahmood, K. and Casey, J. F., Mapping of Muslim Bagh ophiolite complex (Pakistan) using new remote sensing and field data. J. Asian Earth Sci., 2007, 30, 333–343.
- Pournamdari, M., Hashim, M. and Pour, A. B., Spectral transformation of ASTER and Landsat TM bands for lithological mapping of Soghan ophiolite complex, south Iran. Adv. Space Res., 2014, 54, 694–709.
- Rajendran, S. et al., ASTER detection of chromite bearing mineralized zones in Semail Ophiolite Massifs of the northern Oman Mountains: exploration strategy. Ore Geol. Rev., 2012, 44, 121–135.
- van der Meer, F., Analysis of spectral absorption features in hyperspectral imagery. Int. J. Appl. Earth Observ. Geoinfor., 2004, 5, 55–68.
- Tangestani, M. H., Jaffari, L., Vincent, R. K. and Maruthi Sridhar, B. B., Spectral characterization and ASTER-based lithological mapping of an ophiolite complex: a case study from Neyriz ophiolite, SW Iran. Remote Sensing Environ., 2011, 115, 2243–2254.
- Mukherjee, R., Mondal, S. K., Rosing, M. T. and Frei, R., Compositional variations in the Mesoarchean chromites of the Nuggihalli schist belt, Western Dharwar Craton (India): potential parental melts and implications for tectonic setting. Lithos, 2010, 160, 865–885.
- ASD, I., Field spec specification, 2012; www.asdi.com.
- Blom, R. G., Abrams, M. J. and Adams, H. G., Spectral reflectance and discrimination of plutonic rocks in the 0.45–2.45 μm region. J. Geophys. Res., 1980, 85(B5), 2156–2202.
- Walter, L. S. and Salisbury, J. W., Spectral characterization of igneous rocks in the 8–12 μm region. J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth, 1989, 94(B7), 2156–2202.
- Cloutis, E. A., Sunshine, J. M. and Morris, R. V., Spectral reflectance-compositional properties of spinels and chromites: implications for planetary remote sensing and geothermometry. Meteor. Planet. Sci., 2004, 39(4), 545–565.
- Mitra, S. and Bidyananda, M., Evaluation of metallogenic potential of the Nuggihalli greenstone belt, South India. C. R. Geosci., 2003, 335(2), 185–192.
- Ramakrishnan, M., Precambrian mafic magmatism in the western Dharwar craton, Southern India. J. Geol. Soc. India, 2009, 73, 101–116.
- Radhakrishna, B. P. and Vaidyanathan, R., Geology of Karnataka, Geological Society of India, Bangalore, 1994, p. 298.
- Devaraju, T. C., Viljoen, R. P., Sawkar, R. H. and Sudhakara, T. L., Mafic and ultramafic magmatism and associated mineralization in the Dharwar craton, southern India. J. Geol. Soc. India, 2009, 73, 73–100.
- Droop, G. T. R., A general equation for estimating Fe3+ concentrations in ferromagnesian silicates and oxides from microprobe analysis, using stoichiometric criteria. Mineral. Mag., 2011, 51, 431–435.
- Ghosh, B. and Konar, R., Chromites from metaanorthosites, Sitampundi layered igneous complex, Tamil Nadu, southern India. J. Asian Earth Sci., 2011, 42, 1394–1402.
- Milton, E. J., Schaepman, M. E., Anderson, K., Kneubahler, M. and Fox, N., Progress in field spectroscopy. Remote Sensing Environ., 2009, 113, S92–S109.
- Baldridge, A. M., Hook, S. J., Grove, C. I. and Rivera, G., The ASTER spectral library version 2.0. Remote Sensing Environ., 2009, 113, 711–715.
- Nicodemus, F. F., Richmond, J. C., Hsia, J. J., GIinsberg, I. W. and Limperis, T. L., Geometrical considerations and nomenclature for reflectance In National Bureau of Standards Monograph (ed. Office, D. C. U. S. G.), Washington, 1977, p. 20402.
- Biggar, S. F., Labed, J., Santer, R. P. and Slater, P. N., Laboratory calibration of field reflectance panels. In Proceedings of SPIE – The International Society for Optical Engineering (ed. Slater, P. N.), Orlando, Florida, 1988, pp. 232–240.
- Bruegge, C. J., Chrien, N. and Haner, D., A spectralon BRF database for MISR calibration applications. Remote Sensing Environ., 2001, 76, 354–366.
- Crowley, J. K., Visible and near-infrared spectra of carbonate rocks reflectance variations related to petrographic texture and impurities. J. Geophys. Res., 1986, 91(B5), 5001–5012.
- Okada, K. and Iwashita, A., Hyper-multispectral image analysis based on waveform characteristics of spectral curve. Adv. Space Res., 1992, 12, 433–442.
- van der Meer, F. D., Basic physics of spectrometry. In Imaging Spectrometry: Basic Principles and Prospective Applications (eds van der Meer, F. D. and de Jong, S. M.), Springer, Dordrecht, 2006, pp. 3–16.
- Trude, K. V. V. and Clark, R. N., Spectral characteristics of chlorites and Mg-serpentines using high-resolution reflectance spectroscopy. J. Geophys. Res.: Solid Earth, 1989, B10, 13997–14008.
- Jafri, S. H., Khan, N., Ahmad, S. M. and Saxena, R., Geology and Geochemistry of Nuggihalli Schist belt, Dharwar craton, Karnataka, India. In Precambrian of South India (eds Naqvi, S. M. and Rogers, J. J. W.), Memoir Geological Society of India, 1983, vol. 4, pp. 110–120.
- Potential of Airborne Hyperspectral Data for Geo-Exploration over Parts of Different Geological/Metallogenic Provinces in India based on AVIRIS-NG Observations
Abstract Views :208 |
PDF Views:112
Authors
Satadru Bhattacharya
1,
Hrishikesh Kumar
1,
Arindam Guha
2,
Aditya K. Dagar
1,
Sumit Pathak
1,
Komal Rani (Pasricha)
2,
S. Mondal
3,
K. Vinod Kumar
2,
William Farrand
4,
Snehamoy Chatterjee
5,
S. Ravi
6,
A. K. Sharma
1,
A. S. Rajawat
1
Affiliations
1 Space Applications Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation, Ahmedabad 380 015, IN
2 National Remote Sensing Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation, Hyderabad 500 042, IN
3 Department of Geophysics, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad 826 004, IN
4 Space Science Institute, Boulder, Colorado 80301, US
5 Department of Geological and Mining Engineering and Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, US
6 Geological Survey of India Training Institute, Bandlaguda, Hyderabad 500 068, US
1 Space Applications Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation, Ahmedabad 380 015, IN
2 National Remote Sensing Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation, Hyderabad 500 042, IN
3 Department of Geophysics, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad 826 004, IN
4 Space Science Institute, Boulder, Colorado 80301, US
5 Department of Geological and Mining Engineering and Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, US
6 Geological Survey of India Training Institute, Bandlaguda, Hyderabad 500 068, US
Source
Current Science, Vol 116, No 7 (2019), Pagination: 1143-1156Abstract
In this article, we discuss the potential of airborne hyperspectral data in mapping host rocks of mineral deposits and surface signatures of mineralization using AVIRIS-NG data of a few important geological provinces in India. We present the initial results from the study sites covering parts of northwest India, as well as the Sittampundi Layered Complex (SLC) of Tamil Nadu and the Wajrakarur Kimberlite Field (WKF) of Andhra Pradesh from southern India. Modified spectral summary parameters, originally designed for MRO-CRISM data analysis, have been implemented on AVIRIS-NG mosaic of Jahazpur, Rajasthan for the automatic detection of phyllosilicates, carbonates and Fe–Mg-silicates. Spectral analysis over Ambaji and the surrounding areas indicates the presence of calcite across much of the study area with kaolinite occurring as well in the north and east of the study area. The deepest absorption features at around 2.20 and 2.32 μm and integrated band depth were used to identify and map the spatial distribution of phyllosilicates and carbonates. Suitable thresholds of band depths were applied to map prospective zones for marble exploration. The data over SLC showed potential of AVIRIS-NG hyperspectral data in detecting mafic cumulates and chromitites. We also have demonstrated the potential of AVIRIS-NG data in detecting kimberlite pipe exposures in parts of WKF.Keywords
Data, Geological Provinces, Host Rocks, Hyperspectral, Mineral Deposits.References
- Goetz, A. F. H., Three decades of hyperspectral remote sensing of the Earth: a personal view. Remote Sensing Environ., doi:10,1016/j.res.2007.12.014.
- Goetz A. F., Vane G., Solomon J. E. and Rock B. N., Imaging spectrometry for Earth remote sensing. Science, 1985, 228, 4704, 1147–1153.
- Clark, R. N., King, T. V. V., Klejwa, M. and Swayze, G. A., High spectral resolution reflectance spectroscopy of minerals. JGR, 1990, 95, 12653–12680.
- Pieters, C. M. et al., Character and spatial distribution of OH/H2O on the surface of the Moon seen by Chandrayaan-1. Science, 2009, 326; doi:10.1126/science.1178658.
- Clark, R. N., Detection of adsorbed water and hydroxyl on the Moon. Science, 2009, 326; doi:10.1126/science.118105.
- Hampton, D. L. et al., An overview of the instrument suite for the deep impact mission. Space Sci. Rev., 2005, 117, 43–93.
- Brown, R. H. et al. The Cassini visual and infrared mapping spectrometer (VIMS) investigation. Space Sci. Rev., 2004, 115, 111– 168.
- Murchie, S. L. et al., Compact reconnaissance imaging spectrometer for mars investigation and dataset from the mars reconnaissance orbiter’s primary science phase. J. Geophys. Res., 2009, 114, E00D07.
- Sunshine, J. M. et al., Temporal and spatial variability of lunar hydration as observed by the deep impact spacecraft. Science, 2009, 326, doi:10.1126/science.1179788.
- Goswami, J. N. and Annadurai, M., An overview of the Chandrayaan1 mission. Curr. Sci., 2009, 96, 486–491.
- Kumar, A. S. K. et al., Hyperspectral imager for lunar mineral mapping in visible and near infrared band. Curr. Sci., 2009, 96, 496.
- Bhattacharya, S., Majumdar, T. J., Rajawat, A. S., Panigrahi, M. K. and Das, P. R., Utilization of Hyperion data over Dongargarh, India, for mapping altered/weathered and clay minerals along with field spectral measurements. Int. J. Remote Sensing, 2012, 33(17), 5438–5450.
- Kusuma, K. N., Ramakrishnan, D. and Pandalai, H. S., Spectral pathways for effective delineation of high-grade bauxites: a case study from the Savitri River Basin, Maharashtra, India, using EO-1 Hyperion data. Int. J. Remote Sensing, 2012, 33(22), 7273– 7290.
- Magendran, T. and Sanjeevi, S., Hyperion image analysis and linear spectral unmixing to evaluate the grades of iron ores in parts of Noamundi, eastern India. Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf., 2014, 26, 413–426.
- Rani, N., Mandla, V. R. and Singh, T., Spatial distribution of altered minerals in the Gadag Schist Belt (GSB) of Karnataka, southern India using hyperspectral remote sensing data. Geocarto Int., 2017, 32(3), 225–237.
- Shanmugam, S. and Abhishekh, P. V., Spectral unmixing of hyperspectral data to map bauxite deposits. In Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Remote Sensing Technology, Techniques, and Applications (eds Smith, W. Sr. L. et al.), SPIE, 2006, vol. 6405, pp. 64051N.
- Thompson, D. R., Boardman, J. W., Eastwood, M. L. and Green, R. O., A large airborne survey of Earth’s visible–infrared spectral dimensionality. Opt. Express, 2017, 25(8), 9186–9195.
- Thompson, D. R. et al., Atmospheric correction with the Bayesian empirical line. Opt. Exp., 2016, 24, 2134–214.
- Gupta, S. N., Arora, Y. K., Mathur, R. K., Iqballuddin, Prasad, B., Sahai, T. N. and Sharma, S. B., Lithostratigraphic Map of Aravalli region, Southeastern Rajasthan and Northern Gujarat. Geological Survey of India, Hyderabad, 1980.
- Dey, B., Das, K., Dasgupta, N., Bose, S. and Ghatak, H., Zircon U–Pb SHRIMP dating of the Jahazpur granite and its implications on the stratigraphic status of the Hindoli–Jahazpur group. In Seminar Abstract Volume: Developments in Geosciences in the Past Decade – Emerging Trends for the Future and Impact on Society and Annual General Meeting of the Geological Society of India, IIT Kharagpur, 21–23 October 2016.
- Pandit, M. K., Sial, A. N., Malhotra, G., Shekhawat, L. S. and Ferreira, V. P., C-, O-isotope and whole-rock geochemistry of Proterozoic Jahazpur carbonates. NW Indian Craton. Gondwana Res., 2003, 6(3), 513–522.
- Geology and Mineral Resources of Rajasthan, Geological Survey of India Miscellaneous Publication No. 30, Part 12, 3rd revised edn, 2011, ISSN 0579-4706.
- Pelkey, S. M. et al., CRIMS multispectral summary products: parameterizing mineral diversity on Mars from reflectance. J. Geophys. Res., 2007, 112(E8), doi:10.1029/2006JE002831.
- Viviano-Beck, C. E. et al., Revised CRISM spectral parameters and summary products based on the currently detected mineral diversity on Mars. J. Geophys. Res.: Planets, 2014, 119, 6; doi:10.1002/2014JE004627.
- Bhattacharya, S., Chauhan, P., Rajawat, A. S., Ajai and Kumar, A. S. K., Lithological mapping of central part of Mare Moscoviense using Chandrayaan-1 Hyperspectral Imager (HySI) data. Icarus, 2011, 211, 470–479.
- Pieters, C. M., Gaddis, L., Jolliff, B. and Duke, M., Rock types of South Pole-Aitken basin and extent of basaltic volcanism. J. Geophys. Res., 2001, 106, 28001–28022; doi:10.1029/2000JE001414.
- Crawford, A. R., The Precambrian geochronology of Rajasthan and Bundelkhand, northern India. Can. J. Earth Sci., 1970, 7(1), 91–110.
- Sharma, N. L. and Nandy, N. C., A note on the petrological classification of the basic intrusives of Danta State (N. Gujarat). Proc. Indian Acad. Sci., 1936, 3, 366–376.
- Deb, M., Genesis and metamorphism of two stratiform massive sulfide deposits at Ambaji and Deri in the Precambrian of western India. Econ. Geol., 1980, 75(4), 572–591.
- Mustard, J. F. et al., Compositional diversity and geologic insights of the Aristarchus crater from Moon Mineralogy Mapper data. J. Geophys. Res., Planets, 2011, 116, EOOG12.
- Clark, R. N. and Roush, T. L., Reflectance spectroscopy: quantitative analysis techniques for remote sensing applications. J. Geophys. Res.: Solid Earth, 1984, 89(B7), 6329–6340.
- Rodger, A., Laukamp, C., Haest, M. and Cudahy, T., A simple quadratic method of absorption feature wavelength estimation in continuum removed spectra. Remote Sensing Environ., 2012, 118, 273–283.
- Hunt, G. R. and Salisbury, J. W., Visible and near infrared spectra of minerals and rocks. II. Carbonates. Modern Geol., 1971, 2, 23– 30.
- Gaffey, S. J., Spectral reflectance of carbonate minerals in the visible and near infrared (0.35–2.55 μm); calcite, aragonite, and dolomite. Am. Mineral., 1986, 71(1–2), 151–162.
- Adams, J. B. and McCord, T. B., Optical properties of mineral separates, glass, and anorthositic fragments from Apollo mare samples. In Lunar and Planetary Science Conference Proceedings, 1971, vol. 2, p. 2183.
- Longhi, J., Walker, D. and Hays, J. F., Fe and Mg in plagioclase. In Lunar and Planetary Science Conference Proceedings, 1976, vol. 7, pp. 1281–1300.
- Clark, R. N., Spectroscopy of rocks and minerals, and principles of spectroscopy. Man. Remote Sensing, 1999, 3, 3–58.
- Launeau, P., Girardeau, J., Sotin, C. and Tubia, J. M., Comparison between field measurements and airborne visible and infrared mapping spectrometry (AVIRIS and HyMap) of the Ronda peridotite massif (southwest Spain). Int. J. Remote Sensing, 2004, 25(14), 2773–2792.
- Guha, A., Ghosh, B., Vinod Kumar, K. and Chowdhary, S., Implementation of reflection spectroscopy based new aster indices and principal components to delineate chromitite and associated ultramafic–mafic complex in parts of Dharwar Craton, India. Adv. Space Res., 2015, 56, 1453–14680.
- Rajendran, S. et al., ASTER detection of chromite bearing mineralized zones in Semail Ophiolite Massifs of the northern Oman Mountains: exploration strategy. Ore Geol. Rev., 2012, 44, 121– 135.
- Cooley, T. et al., FLAASH, a MODTRAN4-based atmospheric correction algorithm, its application and validation. International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), 2002, 3, 1414–1418.
- Sultan, S. A., Mansour, S. A., Santos, F. M. and Helaly, A. S., Geophysical exploration for gold and associated minerals, case study: Wadi ElBeida area, South Eastern Desert, Egypt. J. Geophys. Eng., 2009, 6, 345–356.
- Tontini, F. C., de Ronde, C. E., Scott, B. J., Soengkono, S., Stagpoole, V., Timm, C. and Tivey, M., Interpretation of gravity and magnetic anomalies at Lake Rotomahana: geological and hydrothermal implications. J. Volcanol. Geother. Res., 2016, 314, 84– 94.
- Subramaniam, A. P., Mineralogy and petrology of the Sittampundi complex, Salem district, Madras State, India. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 1956, 67, 317–390.
- Windley, B. F., Bishop, F. C. and Smith, J. V., Metamorphosed layered igneous complexes in Archean granulite – gneiss belts. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 1981, 9, 175.
- Kraut, S., Scharf, L. L. and Butler, R. W., The adaptive coherence estimator: a uniformly most-powerful-invariant adaptive detection statistic. IEEE Trans. Signal Process, 2005, 53(2), 427–438.
- Murthy, D. S. N. and Dayal, A. M., Geochemical characteristics of kimberlite rock of the Anantapur and Mahbubnagar districts, Andhra Pradesh, South India. J. Asia Earth Sci., 2001, 19, 311– 319.
- Arindam, G., Vinod Kumar, K., Ravi, S. and Dhanamjaya Rao, S., Reflectance spectroscopy of kimberlite – in parts of Dharwar Craton, India. Arab. J. Geosci., 2015, 8(11), 9373–9388.